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ploughs through

  • 1 fodio

    fŏdĭo, fōdi, fossum, 3 (ante-class. form of the inf. praes. pass. fodiri, Cato, R. R. 2, 4; Col. 11, 2, 35, but not in Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 21, where the correct read. is exfodivi.— Also acc. to the first conj.: Illyrii restant sicis sibinisque fodantes, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 336 Müll.; cf.: fodare fodere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 84, 7 Müll.), v. n. and a. [Sanscr. root badh-, to dig, ava-bādha, dug out; Gr. bathos, bathus, benthos, abussos, etc., bothros, pit; hence, fossa, fundus (for fudnus); cf. Anglo-Sax. bodom; Engl. bottom; Germ. Boden, etc.; cf. Fick, Vergl. Wörterb. p. 131; Grimm, Deutsch. Wörterb. s. v. Boden], to dig, dig up, dig out (class.).—
    I.
    Lit.:

    numquam domum revertor, quin te in fundo conspicer Fodere aut arare,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 17; cf.: fodit;

    invenit auri aliquantum,

    Cic. Div. 2, 65, 134; and id. de Or. 2, 41, 174:

    vineas novellas fodere aut arare et postea occare,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 31, 1; cf.:

    ut hortum fodiat,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 59:

    hortum,

    Cato, R. R. 2, 4:

    arva,

    Ov. M. 11, 33:

    solum,

    Plin. 19, 6, 32:

    vites,

    Quint. 9, 4, 5:

    murum,

    to undermine, Ov. M. 11, 535; but, vallum, to dig out the earth needed for it, Tac. A. 11, 18:

    puteum ferramentis,

    to dig, Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 19; so,

    puteos,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

    scrobes, trium in altitudinem pedum,

    id. B. G. 7, 73, 5:

    fundamenta,

    Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 15:

    cubilia (talpae),

    Verg. G. 1, 183:

    argentum etiam incolae fodiunt,

    Liv. 28, 3, 3:

    gypsum e terra,

    Plin. 36, 24, 59, § 182:

    oculos,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 4, 21; cf.

    lumina,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 339:

    terram gramineam de cespite,

    Verg. Cul. 391.—
    II.
    Transf., to prick, pierce, wound, thrust, stab (class.):

    at ego te pendentem fodiam stimulis triginta dies,

    to prick, Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 48:

    quia non latus fodi (cultro),

    id. Aul. 3, 2, 4; so,

    equi armos calcaribus,

    Verg. A. 6, 881:

    guttura cultro,

    Ov. M. 7, 315:

    ora hastis,

    Liv. 8, 10, 6:

    aversos (elephantos) sub caudis, qua maxime molli cute vulnera accipiunt,

    id. 21, 55:

    multos pugionibus,

    Tac. H. 4, 29:

    Sarmatam levi gladio,

    id. ib. 1, 79:

    ora,

    id. A. 2, 21; id. Agr. 36:

    adversa ora resistentium,

    Curt. 4, 15: La. Dic jussisse te. Ph. Noli fodere:

    jussi,

    don't punch me in the side, Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 17 (cf. fodicare).— Poet.:

    Ausonius mersis celer fodit aequora remis,

    digs through, ploughs through, Sil. 14, 359:

    aquas (ungula),

    Ov. F. 3, 456.—In mal. part., Mart. 7, 102; Auct. Priap. 53.—
    III.
    Trop., to goad, sting, disturb:

    num exspectas, dum te stimulis fodiam?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 34, 86; cf.:

    cor stimulo foditur,

    Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 39:

    pungit dolor, vel fodiat sane,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 14, 33:

    pectus in iras,

    to excite, stir, Sil. 5, 159.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fodio

  • 2 Ransome, Robert

    [br]
    b. 1753 Wells, Norfolk, England
    d. 1830 England
    [br]
    English inventor of a self-sharpening ploughshare and all-metal ploughs with interchangeable pans.
    [br]
    The son of a Quaker schoolmaster, Ransome served his apprenticeship with a Norfolk iron manufacturer and then went into business on his own in the same town, setting up one of the first brass and iron foundries in East Anglia. At an early stage of his career he was selling into Norfolk and Suffolk, well beyond the boundaries to be expected from a local craftsman. He achieved this through the use of forty-seven agents acting on his behalf. In 1789, with one employee and £200 capital, he transferred to Ipswich, where the company was to remain and where there was easier access to both raw materials and his markets. It was there that he discovered that cooling one part of a metal share during its casting could result in a self-sharpening share, and he patented the process in 1785.
    Ransome won a number of awards at the early Bath and West shows, a fact which demonstrates the extent of his markets. In 1808 he patented an all-metal plough made up of interchangeable parts, and the following year was making complete ploughs for sale. With interchangeable parts he was able to make composite ploughs suitable for a wide variety of conditions and therefore with potential markets all over the country.
    In 1815 he was joined by his son James, and at about the same time by William Cubitt. With the expertise of the latter the firm moved into bridge building and millwrighting, and was therefore able to withstand the agricultural depression which began to affect other manufacturers from about 1815. In 1818, under Cubitt's direction, Ransome built the gas-supply system for the town of Ipswich. In 1830 his grandson James Ransome joined the firm, and it was under his influence that the agricultural side was developed. There was a great expansion in the business after 1835.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    J.E.Ransome, 1865, Ploughs and Ploughing at the Royal Agricultural College at Cirencester in 1865, in which he outlined the accepted theories of the day.
    J.B.Passmore, 1930, The English Plough, Reading: University of Reading (provides a history of plough development from the eighth century to the in ter-war period).
    Ransome's Royal Records 1789–1939, produced by the company; D.R.Grace and D.C.Phillips, 1975, Ransomes of Ipswich, Reading: Institute of Agricultural History, Reading University (both provide information about Ransome in a more general account about the company and its products; Reading University holds the company archives).
    AP

    Biographical history of technology > Ransome, Robert

  • 3 pflügen

    vt/i plough, Am. plow
    * * *
    to plough; to plow; to till
    * * *
    pflü|gen ['pflyːgn]
    vti (lit, fig)
    to plough (Brit), to plow (US); (lit auch) to till (liter)

    das Boot pflügt durch die Brandungthe boat ploughs (Brit) or plows (US) (through) the waves

    * * *
    (to turn over (the earth) with such a tool: The farmer was ploughing (in) a field.) plough
    * * *
    pflü·gen
    I. vi to plough, esp AM to plow
    II. vt
    etw \pflügen to plough [ or esp AM plow] sth
    * * *
    transitives, intransitives Verb plough
    * * *
    pflügen v/t & v/i plough, US plow
    * * *
    transitives, intransitives Verb plough
    * * *
    v.
    to plough v.
    to plow (US) v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > pflügen

  • 4 ὀψέ

    Grammatical information: adv.
    Meaning: `after, after a long time, late (in the evening), too late' (Il.).
    Other forms: ὄψι (Aeol., Lyr. Adesp. 57).
    Compounds: Often ὀψι- as 1. member (after ἀγχι-, ἠρι- a.o.), e.g. ὀψί-γονος `late-born, younger' (Il., Hdt., Arist.); also ὀψ-, e.g. ὀψ-αρό-της m. `who ploughs late' (Hes. Op. 490); cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 111 f. As 2. member in ἀπ-οψέ (A. D.), κατ-οψέ (Alex. Trall.) `late (at night)', cf. κατ-όπιν, ἀπο-πρό a.o.
    Derivatives: 1. ὀψι-αίτερος, - αίτατος (Att.; after παλαίτερος a.o.). 2. ὄψ-ιος `late' (Pi., Arist.) with ὀψιό-της f. (Thphr.), like πρώϊ-ος; - ιμος `id.' (X., hell.), like πρώϊ-μος (through reinterpretation of ὄψιμος `visible' [Β 325]?; s. Arbenz 22 f.); - ινός `id.' (Empire; after ἑωθι-νός a.o.; Chantraine Form. 200 f., Wackernagel Unt. 105 n. 1). 3. ὀψ-ίχα ὀψέ. Βυζάντιοι H. (diminutive like ὁσσ-ίχος a. o.). 4. ὀψ-ία f. `evening' (IA.). 5. ὀψ-ίζω `to be late, to retard' (Lys., X.) with - ισμός m. `delay' (D. H.). On ὀψ-έ with oxytonized -έ there is no agreement. Nearest comes τῆλ-ε (s. v.); cf. - δε, - θε, - σε, - τε (Schwyzer 631).
    Origin: IE [Indo-European] [287] * obhi? `towards...up
    Etymology: To ὄψ-ι agrees ὕψ-ι `in high'. Unenlarged *ὄψ like ἄψ (s.v. w. lit.); identical with Lat. ops- beside op, ob `up(on) -- towards, at -- towards' in o(b)s-tendō a.o. Withou in ὄπισθεν, ὀπίσ(σ)ω, ὀπώρα; s. vv. w. further lit.
    Page in Frisk: 2,458-459

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀψέ

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